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Fertility is the natural capability to conceive children and produce offspring. It depends on the reproductive health of both males and females.

Demographics: It refers to the actual number of live births produced by an individual or a population, whereas the biological potential to reproduce is called fecundity.

How Fertility Works
Conception is a complex biological process that relies on several perfectly timed steps:

For Women : The ovaries must develop and release a healthy egg once a month (a process called ovulation). The fallopian tubes must be clear to allow the egg to travel, and the uterus must be capable of allowing a fertilized embryo to implant and grow.

For Men : The testes must produce an adequate amount of healthy, active sperm. The sperm must have the correct shape (morphology) and movement (motility) to travel through the female reproductive tract and fertilize the egg.